General Thyroid Studies

Mcdermott MT, Ridgway C: Subclinical hypothyroidism is mild thyroid failure and should be treated. J Clin Endocrinol Met. 2001;86(10):4585–4590.

Davies TF, Ross DS. Pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (chronic autoimmune thyroiditis). UpToDate.

2012 Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults. http://aace.metapress.com/content/ b67v7mk73g3233n2/fulltext.pdf.

Müssig K, Künle A, Säuberlich AL, Weinert C, Ethofer T, Saur R, Klein R, Häring HU, Klingberg S, Gallwitz B, Leyhe T. Thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity is associated with symptomatic distress in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Brain Behav Immun. May 2012;26(4):559–563. doi: 10.1016/j. bbi.2012.01.006. Epub Jan 21, 2012.

Neck check card. http://healingdeva.com/NeckCheckCard.pdf. Accessed February 22, 2013.

Takasu N, et al. Test for recovery from hypothyroidism during thyroxine therapy in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Lancet. Nov 3, 1990;336:1084–1086.

Barbesino G. Drugs affecting thyroid function. Thyroid. 2010 Jul;20(7):763–770.

Nanan R, Wall JR. Remission of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in a twelve-year-old girl with thyroid changes documented by ultrasonography. Thyroid. 2010;20(10).

What is thyroiditis? American Thyroid Association. http://thyroid.org/what-is-thyroiditis/. Accessed May 1, 2013.

Akamizu T, Amino N, De Groot L. Chapter 8-Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. www.thyroidmanager.org. Accessed April 1, 2012.

Ross DS. Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Physiology. UpToDate; 2013.

Klein RZ, Sargent JD, Larsen PR, Waisbren SE, Haddow JE, Mitchell ML. Relation of severity of maternal hypothyroidism to cognitive development of offspring. J Med Screen. 2001;8(1):18–20.

Ito S, Tamura T, Nishikawa M. Effects of desiccated thyroid, prednisolone and chloroquine on goiter and antibody titer in chronic thyroiditis. Metabolism. 1968;17:317.

Haskell ND. Hope for Hashimoto’s, Advancing Medical Care Inc.; 2011.

Brownstein D. Overcoming Thyroid Disorders. 2nd edition. Medical Alternatives Press. 2008.

Strieder TGA, Tijssen JGP, Wenzel BE, Endert E, Wiersinga WM. Prediction of progression to overt hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism in female relatives of patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases using the Thyroid Events Amsterdam (THEA) Score. Arch Intern Med. Aug 11–25, 2008;168(15).

Medeiros-Neto, Geraldo. Approach to and treatment of goiters. The Medical Clinics of North America. Mar 2012;96(2):351(0025–7125).

Doufas AG, Mastorakos G, Chatziioannou S, Tseleni-Balafouta S, Piperingos G, Boukis MA, et al. The predominant form of non-toxic goiter in Greece is now autoimmune thyroiditis. Eur J Endocrinol. 1999;140:505–511. doi: 10.1530/eje.0.1400505

Liver Health & Toxins

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Adrenal Health, Stress, Sleep & Hormones

Carta MG, Loviselli A, Hardoy MC, Massa S, Cadeddu M, Sardu C, Carpiniello B, Dell’Osso L, Mariotti S. The link between thyroid autoimmunity (antithyroid peroxidase autoantibodies) with anxiety and mood disorders in the community: a field of interest for public health in the future. BMC Psychiatry. Aug 18, 2004;4:25.

Cooper R, Lerer B. The use of thyroid hormones in the treatment of depression. Harefuah. Aug 2010;149(8):529–534, 550, 549.

Gaynes BM, et. al. The STAR*D study: Treating depression in the real world. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. Jan 2008;75(1):57–66.

Sarkar, D. Recurrent pregnancy loss in patients with thyroid dysfunction. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. Dec 2012;16(Suppl 2).

Khalid AS, Joyce C, O’Donoghue K. Prevalence of subclinical and undiagnosed overt hypothyroidism in a pregnancy loss clinic. Ir Med J. Apr 2013;106(4):107–110

Nutrition & Inflammation

Gärtner R, Gasnier BC, Dietrich JW, Krebs B, Angstwurm MW. Selenium supplementation in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis decreases thyroid peroxidase antibodies concentrations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Apr 2002;87(4):1687–1691.

Sategna-Guidetti C, Volta U, Ciacci C, Usai P, Carlino A, De Franceschi L, Camera A, Pelli A, Brossa C. Prevalence of thyroid disorders in untreated adult celiac disease patients and effect of gluten withdrawal: an Italian multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol. Mar 2001;96(3):751–757.

Ahad F, Ganie SA. Iodine, iodine metabolism, and iodine deficiency disorders revisited. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. Jan–Mar 2010;14(1):13–17.

Suen RM, Gordon S. A critical review of IgG immunoglobulins and food allergy-implications in systemic health. Us BioTek Laboratories, 2003.

Nutrient depletions in Natural Standard: the authority on integrative medicine [Internet database]. Cambridge (MA): Natural Standard; 2012 [cited 5 December 2012]. http://www.naturalstandard.com. Subscription required to view.

Wada L, King JC. Effect of low zinc intakes on basal metabolic rate, thyroid hormones and protein utilization in adult men. J Nutr. 1986;116:1045–53.

Dietary supplement fact sheet: selenium. National Institutes of Health. Office of Dietary Supplements. http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-HealthProfessional/. Accessed August 1, 2012.

FAO Document Repository: Selenium. http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/Y2809E/y2809e0l.htm. Accessed August 1, 2012.

Longnecker MP, Taylor PR, Levander OA, Howe M, Veillon C, McAdam PA, Patterson KY, Holden JM, Stampfer MJ, Morris JS, et al. Selenium in diet, blood, and toenails in relation to human health in a seleniferous area. Am J Clin Nutr. May 1991;53(5):1288–1294.

Balazs C, Kaczur V. Effect of Selenium on HLA-DR Expression of Thyrocytes. Autoimmune Dis. 2012;2012:374635(PMCID: PMC3286896).

Fan AM, Kizer KW: Selenium: nutritional, toxicologic, and clinical aspects. West J Med. Aug 1990;153:160–167.

Negro, R. Selenium and thyroid autoimmunity. Biologics. Jun 2008;2(2):265–273(PMC2721352)

Xu J, Liu XL, Yang XF, Guo HL, Zhao LN, Sun XF. Supplemental selenium alleviates the toxic effects of excessive iodine on thyroid. Biol Trace Elem Res. Jun 2011;141(1–3):110–118. Epub Jun 2, 2010.

Contempre B, Dumont JE, Ngo B, Thilly CH, Diplock AT, Vanderpas J. Effect of selenium supplementation in hypothyroid subjects of an iodine and selenium deficient area: the possible danger of indiscriminate supplementation of iodine-deficient subjects with selenium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Jul 1991;73(1):213–215.

Chang JC, Gutenmann WH, Reid CM, Lisk DJ, Selenium content of Brazil nuts from two geographic locations in Brazil. Chemosphere. Feb 1995;30(4):801–802.

Tolonen M, Taipale M, Viander B, Pihlava JM, Korhonen H, Ryhänen EL. Plant-derived biomolecules in fermented cabbage. J Agric Food Chem. Nov 6, 2002;50(23):6798–6803.

Fort, P. Breast and soy-formula feedings in early infancy and the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease in children. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. Apr 1990;9(2):164(0731–5724).

Doerge DR, Chang HC. Inactivation of thyroid peroxidase by soy isoflavones, in vitro and in vivo. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002;777:269–279.

Iodine. Inchem. http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v024je11.htm. Accessed Aug 1, 2012.

Iodine content of foods. http://foodhealth.info/iodine/. Accessed August 1, 2012.

Abraham, G.E, MD, Facts about iodine and autoimmune thyroiditis. The Original Internist. Jun 2008;15(2):75–76.

Zimmerman MB. Iodine deficiency. Endocr Rev. Jun 2009;30(4):376–408. Epub May 21, 2009.

Reinhardt W, Luster M, Rudorff KH, Heckmann C, Petrasch S, Lederbogen S, et al. Effect of small doses of iodine on thyroid function in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis residing in an area of mild iodine deficiency. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;139:23–28. doi: 10.1530/eje.0.1390023. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]

Heydarian P, Ordookhani A, Azizi F. Goiter rate, serum thyrotropin, thyroid autoantibodies, and urinary iodine concentration in Tehranian adults before and after national salt iodization. J Endocrinol Invest. 2007;30:404–410. [PubMed]

Lind P, Kumnig G, Heinisch M, Igerc I, Mikosch P, Gallowitsch HJ, et al. Iodine supplementation in Austria: methods and results. Thyroid. 2002;12:903–907. doi: 10.1089/105072502761016539. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]

Stazi AV, Trinti B. Selenium deficiency in celiac disease: risk of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Minerva Med. 2008 Dec;99(6):643–653.

Gut Health

Fasano A. Leaky gut and autoimmune disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. Feb 2012;42(1):71–78.

Fasano A. Zonulin and its regulation of intestinal barrier function: the biological door to inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. Physiol Rev. Jan 2011;91:151–175.

Daher R, Yazbeck T, Bou Jaoude J, Abboud B. Consequences of dysthyroidism on the digestive tract and viscera. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(23):2834–2838. wjgnet.com.

Medications & Supplements

Jonklaas J, Talbert RL. Chapter 84. Thyroid Disorders. In: Talbert RL, DiPiro JT, Matzke GR, Posey LM, Wells BG, Yee GC, eds. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011.

https://www.standardprocess.com/Products/Standard-Process/Thytrophin-PMG. Accessed May 1, 2013.

Cohen S. Drug Muggers. Rodale; 2011.

Shrader SP, Diaz VA. Chapter 88. Contraception. In: Talbert RL, DiPiro JT, Matzke GR, Posey LM, Wells BG, Yee GC, eds. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach. 8th ed. New York: McGrawHill; 2011. http://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/SearchResults.aspx?q=Pharmacotherapy%3a+A+P athophysiologic+Approach+8e. Accessed May 4, 2013.